The Journal of Bioenergy and Food Science is an electronic publication of the Federal Institute of Amapá – IFAP (eISSN 2359-2710) with the aim to contribute to the dissemination of knowledge through the publication of scientific papers (unpublished and original papers, reviews and scientific notes) in Portuguese or English. PLAGIARISM DETECTION The journal maintains an anti-plagiarism policy (the manuscripts before they are forwarded to the peer review will be evaluated) after this analysis, the manuscripts will be forwarded to the evaluation did not present evidence of plagiarism of other works. Plagiarism verification with Crossref Similarity Check (Ithenticate software) ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGES (APC) INFORMATION No fee OPEN ACCESS All papers published in our journals are open access and freely available online, immediately upon publication. This ensures free web access to the results of research and maximum visibility for published papers REVIEW PROCESS The evaluation of manuscripts is a Double-blind peer review type (National and international reviewers). LICENSE (CC-BY-NC-SA) The published papers with Creative Commons Attribution License type, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA. More details SUBJECT AREAS Agrarian sciences Bioenergy and Biotechnology Food Science and Technology PERIODICITY 4 issue/year Qualis CAPES (Brazil) Link to search https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/veiculoPublicacaoQualis/listaConsultaGeralPeriodicos.jsf
PROPOSTA DE POLÍTICA PARA PERIÓDICOS DE ACESSO LIVRE Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos: Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista. Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista. Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
Morphological characterization of hydrocolloids using scanning electron microscopy and evaluation of their effects in a model system of low-calorie fruit jelly
It is important to understand the stability of the formed gels and the factors that affect the behavior of these agents in a complex system to impart desirable properties to a new product. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the morphological structure of gelling agents, LM-pectin, kappa-carrageenan and guar gum and to study the effects of these gelling agents in low-calorie fruit jelly model systems. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis allowed us to recognize the morphology of the gelling agents of interest, and showed that only the powdered samples of LM-pectin and kappa-carrageenan presented structures that collaborate for the process of gelling. Based on all the information gathered through the analysis of low-calorie fruit jelly modeling systems using the gelling agents studied, we suggest that the best combinations among the formulations tested were those containing concentrations higher or equal than 75% LM-pectin.
Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of bioenergy and food science
Determination of anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity from Chicha Morada beer made with purple corn (Zea mays L.)
Beer is the most preferred alcoholic drink in Latin America. Craft-beer adds novel ingredients such as spices, cereals, fruits, or herbs. Purple corn (Zea mays L.) growth in Andes Peruvian is used to made a typical non-alcoholic drink called “Chicha Morada”. Anthocyanins are responsible of purple coration and have healthy properties for humans acting like bioactive compounds. The current study determined anthocyanins monomeric content (TAC) and antioxidant activity of seeds purple corn, cob purple corn, and Chicha Morada beer by the pH-differential method and DPPH assay, respectively. The total anthocyanin content decreased in the order to cob, seeds, and beer. The antioxidant activities decreased in the order to cob, beer, and seeds. Chicha Morada beer remain have antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds that could affect health positively
Risk assessment of heavy metals (chromium, nickel, lead, copper and iron) in fast foods consumed in Isfahan, Iran
The hazards of heavy metals in fast foods have been evaluated in this study. For this purpose, the carcinogenic and the non-carcinogenic hazards of chromium, nickel, lead, copper, and iron concentrations were measured in 40 fast food samples purchased in 2018 from the restaurants in two districts of Isfahan, Iran. The results indicated that in all the tested samples, only the average concentrations of copper are within the permissible limits. For the two groups of children and adults, the highest target hazard quotients for lead were 33.84 and 98.72%, respectively. The cumulative hazard index for all the considered metals in both groups was greater than 1. Of all the heavy metals analyzed in the examined food samples, only chromium (in both age groups) and nickel (in children only) showed an incremental lifetime cancer risk. The concentrations of chromium, nickel, lead, and iron in Mushroom burger, Fried mushrooms, Hamburger with mushroom, and Vegetables pizza were higher than those in other fast foods respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the mentioned foods are the major sources of heavy metal ingested by human and that their consumption should be closely monitored and managed by the authorities and supervising organizations.
Heavy Metals. Fast Foods. Risk Assessment. Public Health. Iran
Design and Modelling of a Milk Cooling and Storage Unit Based on Peltier and PV Panels
Companies and individual entrepreneurs which takes the milk from dairy storage points and dairy farms to distribute in the city centers, use milk cooling units mounted on pickup chassis. Cooling units are manufactured using stainless steel, 1st class Tungsten Inert Gas welded, with a capacity of 200 to 5000 L, designed to remain no liquids inside. Cooling units are required for milk to be delivered to the customer without losing its freshness, without spoiling on the road, hundreds of kilometers on the vehicle. In this study, a milk cooling and storage unit based on a Peltier element with a capacity of 1000 L was designed. Energy calculations and finite element method was used to analyze the design of the developed model. As a result of the analyzes, it has been concluded that the milk can be cooled by three times less energy consumption with the Peltier Centric Cooling Unit developed.
Multi-trait selection of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes for bioenergy production
The global demand for fuel from renewable sources has expanded rapidly in recent years and sweet sorghum is a crop with high potential for bioenergy production. This study aimed evaluate the performance of sweet sorghum hybrids belonging to the Embrapa Maize and Sorghum breeding program in different edaphoclimatic regions of Minas Gerais and to identify promising hybrids for bioenergy production, considering multiple traits of sweet sorghum. The study was conducted in two experimental areas of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, in Sete Lagoas and Nova Porteirinha. A total of 36 sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated, with 28 experimental hybrids and eight controls. The evaluated traits were: days from planting to flowering, plant height, fresh biomass yield, juice extraction, total soluble solids and tons of Brix per hectare. Analysis of variance, multiple comparison test, the Williams index of selection and the index suggested by Mulamba & Mock were performed. The results demonstrated the existence of genetic variability among the genotypes of sweet sorghum, demonstrating the possibility of selecting high-performance genotypes superior. The selection indexes employed were efficient in the selection of sweet sorghum hybrids with higher agroindustrial performance. It was possible to identify hybrids of sweet sorghum promising for bioenergy production.
Uso do enxofre nos componentes de produção e qualidade de bulbos de cebola
A pungência é um dos principais parâmetros que interfere na qualidade do bulbo da cebola, sendo controlada por fatores genéticos, ambiental e nutricional. Quando os fatores genéticos e ambientais são adequados, o uso de fontes de enxofre pode promover a melhoria da qualidade do bulbo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do gesso agrícola como fonte de enxofre nos componentes de produção e qualidade pós-colheita de duas cultivares de cebola sob condição de ambiente úmido com moderada deficiência hídrica. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 5x2. O primeiro fator representa cinco doses de enxofre (S-SO42-) (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1) e o segundo fator por duas cultivares de cebola (Bella Vista e Bella Catarina). A fonte de enxofre utilizada foi o gesso agrícola (15% S-SO42). O aumento nas doses de enxofre proporcionou resultados positivos na massa dos bulbos, produtividade, acidez total e pungência de ambas as cultivares de cebola. A maior produtividade foi de 24,5 t ha-1 obtida através da Bella Catarina com o uso de 200 kg SO42- ha-1. O gesso agrícola como fonte de enxofre e uma alternativa promissora na produção e qualidade da cebola no Sul do Tocantins.
Effects of Processing on Nutrient Compounds and Sensory Properties of Parascolopsis aspinosa and Parastromateus niger in Behbahan, Southern Iran
The effects of different processes on proximate composition and sensory indexes two fish species investigated. Used methods were AOAC for analysis of samples. Frying method decreased protein amount in Parascolopsis aspinosa (Rao & Rao, 1981), but roasting reduced the protein contents Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795). The highest fat amount in Parascolopsis aspinosa but the lowest fat amount found for Parastromateus niger. Parascolopsis aspinosa protein amount decreased by frying way. It can be concluded that some heat processing ways were affected on samples proximate compounds. The effects of frying and boiling on samples sensory properties found significantly different from that of roasting way.
Determination of emulsifying properties of chicken egg white and dehydrated egg white in different vegetable oils and ion concentration
Emulsifying properties of oil in water emulsions using chicken egg white and dried egg white as an emulsifying agent were investigated using the conductivity technique. Changes in emulsion conductivity were recorded during and after homogenization and interpreted in terms of properties related to the emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsion stability (ES). The effect of NaCl concentration (0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 % w/w), chicken egg white and dried egg white concentration (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 % w/w) was studied using two vegetable oils, namely corn and canola. In general, it was observed that the EA and ES increase with increasing protein content and salt concentration, in a manner consistent with past research.
Evaluations of the physical and physicochemical properties and perception of liking of conventional and low-calorie orange jellies
There is a growing demand for reduced-calorie products today due to changing dietary habits of the population. This challenges the food industry to design products that resemble conventional ones concerning physical, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and physicochemical properties and perception of the liking of conventional and low-calorie orange jellies. Two different formulations (conventional and low-calorie) of each type of orange jelly were prepared and assessed under physical, physicochemical, sensory, and statistical analysis. The results showed that the formulated jellies presented differences in terms of the physical and physicochemical parameters studied, except for the color parameter a*. Conventional jelly had lower values of pH, acidity, and soluble solids, and higher moisture content. Additionally, conventional jelly was found to be lighter, more yellow, less rigid, and less viscous, than low-calorie orange jellies most likely due to its shorter cooking time. The two sensorial methodologies (time-intensity and temporal dominance of sensations analysis) used showed differences in perception of the evaluated stimuli, with the conventional orange jelly having higher dominance intensities for sweet taste and acidity. The low-calorie orange jelly presented a bitter taste, most likely due to the use of sweeteners.
Calcium and magnesium silicate in the production of Mombasa grass
Silicon has been used in several ways to improve plant growth and development; however, there are few experimental results, especially for tropical grasses. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of applying calcium and magnesium silicate on the growth, structure, and herbage mass of Mombasa grass. A completely randomized design was used in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement with 4 replications and 2 duplicates for replications. The experimental treatments corresponded to two doses of silicon (1,000 and 2,000 kg/ha) and control (0 kg/ha) over 3 growth cycles. The variables evaluated were plant height, number of tillers, specific leaf area, herbage mass, leaf mass, stem mass, the mass of dead material, and root mass. The application of silicate was not able to modify the variables studied. Considering the soil studied, the application of silicate is not recommended to increase the productivity of Mombasa grass, but similar longer-term studies are needed on soils with low Ca and Mg levels.
Tomato waste extract (Lycopersicon esculentum) as a natural antioxidant in soybean oil under heating
The tomato processing industry generates a large amount of waste, usually composed of peels and seeds. It is known that the tomato is rich in bioactive compounds, mainly carotenoids (lycopene and ?-carotene), however, studies on the functionality of its residues are scarce. Thus, these residues are discarded without the knowledge of possible antioxidant potential. The objective of this work was to determine the stability of bioactive in soybean oil added to the extract of agroindustrial tomato waste under heating. The extract obtained with ethyl alcohol at the ratio of 1: 5 (w/v) was initially analyzed for total phenolic compounds, lycopene, ?-carotene, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH and ?- carotene / linoleic acid. Subsequently, the extract and the synthetic antioxidants, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) were applied in soybean oil, and the treatments subjected to heating in Rancimat (180ºC/5 h). The thermoxidated samples were analyzed for the composition of tocopherols by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), phytosterols, and fatty acid profile by gas chromatography (GC). The extract of agro-industrial tomato residues showed moderate results concerning its antioxidant activity, 68% by the DPPH method, and 26.2% of auto-oxidation of the ?-carotene / linoleic acid system. The synthetic antioxidant TBHQ had a greater protective effect on soybean oil when compared to the control, providing greater retention of phytosterols (85%) and tocopherols (93%). Tomato extract can be used as a natural antioxidant in industrialized oils, but with less effectiveness than the antioxidant TBHQ.
Izothiazolone based biocides: efficiency evaluation on Staphylococcus warneri isolated from e-coat process rinse water
The e-coat process is the first step in automotive painting and consists of immersing the part in a conductive water-based paint bath, followed by several rinse tanks and preceded by a rinse tank with demineralized water after pre-treatment. In this process, microbiological contamination is common, which is prevented or eliminated by adding isothiazolone based biocides combined with other active components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two commercial biocides containing the active components, 5-Chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (CIT) and 2-Methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), in the inactivation of two Staphylococcus warneri strains, isolated from contaminated water from tanks of an e-coat paint applicator company. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was 5 mg/L and the Minimum Bactericide Concentration (MBC) was 10 mg/L for both biocides. Survival curves were obtained and the Weibull model was adjusted. The models obtained indicated lower resistance of S. warneri strain isolated from the demineralized water tank and higher inactivation rate of the biocide containing the association of isothiazolinone and ethylenedioxy (dimethanol).
Nutritional composition and total phenolic compounds content of pequi pulp (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.)
Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense subsp. brasiliense, Cambess), has relevant levels of lipids, fibers, and carotenoids, and can thus have a relevant effect on lipid metabolism and as an antioxidant agent. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to describe the physical and chemical characteristics of the pulp of C. brasiliense Cambess collected in two cities of Minas Gerais, as well as its content of phenolic compounds. The fruits of C. brasiliense Cambess were collected in two cities in Minas Gerais: the Ponto Chique and the Jequitai on the ground after a natural fall, being submitted to hygiene and manually pulped. Then, the fruits underwent physical and chemical analyzes. To determine the nutritional composition of the fruits, moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, and total carbohydrates were analyzed. In order to prove the bioactive potential of the pequi pulp, an analysis of total phenolic compounds was carried out. The evaluation of the physical and chemical composition of the pulp of C. brasiliense Cambess from different cities in the north of Minas Gerais showed only physical differences and in the contents of phenolic compounds, possibly due to the great geographical proximity. However, further study is needed to determine the viability of pequi pulp as well as the fruits native to different regions of Minas Gerais. Both pulps stood out because of their considerable lipid and ash concentrations. Through the results, the potential of C. brasiliense Cambess was determined. There is evidence for significant antioxidant potential because of natural bioactive compounds present in the pulps.
Physico-chemical characteristics of some Indian and Yemeni Honey
The present study aimed to evaluate the physio-chemical properties of four Indian and Yemeni types of honey Coorg and Kashmiri honey (India), Sidr and Acacia honey (Yemen). The honey samples appeared to conform to the European Legislation (EC Directive 2001) for most of the parameters. The moisture content of the samples varied between 13.5 to 19.5g/100g, Indian honey were the highest moisture content. PH values ranged between 4.7 to 5.6, all tested samples were light acidic. Electrical conductivity ranged from 0.13 to 1.4mS /cm. The color intensity values ranged between 137.3 to 624.7mAU. HMF content fluctuated between 15.4 to 19.9 mg / kg. The ash content varied from 0.05 to 0.68%. The total protein content varied between 0.61 to 1.9 %. The diastase activity values ranged between 9.6 to 11.9 DN. The Kashmiri honey showed the highest value of reducing sugars (64.6 g/100g), while Acacia honey showed the lowest value (59.9 g/100 g) The estimated fructose/glucose ratio for all investigated samples was ranged from 1. 03 to 1.37 and estimated glucose/water ratio was ranged from 1.48 to 1.90. Potassium was found to be the predominant mineral in all honey tested. The highest Potassium content (2176.4 mg/kg) was found in Sidr Yemeni honey. The heavy metals were not detected in all honey samples, that the tested honey was safe for human consumption. The results suggest that Indian and Yemeni honey could be beneficially used as a functional or nutraceutical substance.
Study of the superficial distribution of microorganisms in kefir biofilms prepared with Cupuaçu juice
Recently, much research in the field of biomaterials has focused on finding better material to serve as a dressing or temporary skin replacement, often without success. Kefir and Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) have therapeutic potential for use in this field. In this study, a morphological and statistical analysis of the superficial distribution of bacteria and yeasts in kefir biofilms prepared with Cupuaçu juice, obtained from the inoculation of kefir grains in brown sugar solution was performed. Six samples of different concentrations of the biofilms were obtained, which were analyzed in an Atomic Force Microscope to obtain topography images. Statistical analyses were performed on the surface parameters in order to determine the number and surface coverage of microorganisms in biofilms. The morphological analysis showed that the surfaces of the biofilms are composed of microorganisms similar to bacteria and yeasts. Statistical analysis showed that biofilms with a concentration of Cupuaçu between 10 and 40 g.L-1 present a greater number and coverage of bacteria. All results show that the Cupuaçu 10 g.L-1 biofilm presented the most appropriate, considering that it presented a higher number and coverage of bacteria, which is the antibacterial agent. In this perspective, the results indicate that there is an expectation of biofilms to result in a future application in the pharmaceutical industry.
Physicochemical composition and antioxidants of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa Linn. F.) – pulp and sweet
Buriti pulp has an elevated nutritional value and commercial potential, mainly because of its significant amounts of bioactive compounds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, the antioxidant capacity, and bioactive compounds of buriti pulps and sweets obtained from the Brazilian states of Goiás, Tocantins and Para. The fruits obtained from Tocantins and Para presented greater lipid and energy contents. After processing, the sweets showed reductions in the protein, lipid, fiber and bioactive compound contents. The antioxidant activities and total phenolic compound contents were more significant in the pulp and sweets from Goiás. There was a strong correlation between the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity. The total carotenoid content was greater in the buriti pulp and sweet from Tocantins but an 80% reduction in the bioactive compounds was observed in all the sweets produced. Thus, it was concluded that the origin of the fruit influenced its chemical composition and the antioxidant activity. However fruits and sweets can still be considered good dietary sources of bioactive compounds especially carotenoids.
Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of bioenergy and food science
Impact of microwave-grill-drying (MWGD) on functional properties of berry Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)
Impact of microwave-grill-drying (MWGD) at different powers (300, 450 and 600 Watts) on functional properties of berry "Russian olive» was investigated. The effect of microwavewater and oil holding capacities, gelation, foaming and emulsifying, which will provide novel and applicable knowledge for the food industry, was determined. We specifically focused the kinetics drying by increasing microwave-grill powers (300–600W), drying time decreased from 270 to 120s. For dried Russian olive berry at each applied microwave-grill power, water holding capacity values were higher than oil holding capacity values. However, drying at 450W is the best method of retention of functional properties of fresh fruit of E. angustifolia L.
Russian olive. Fruit. Power. Microwave-grill. Kinetics drying. Functional properties.
Effects of electron beam irradiation on the quality of star apple fruits (Chrysophyllum cainito)
Irradiated star apples at the minimum absorbed dose of 400 Gy for phytosanitary purpose in Vietnam have been already approved to import to US. In this study, the fresh star apples were treated with electron beams at doses of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 kGy to evaluate its effect on quality of fruits. The results showed that electron beam radiation doses of 0.4 kGy and 0.6 kGy did not affect to the surface color and percentage of weight loss of fruits. There was significant difference in overall acceptability score with the values of 3.95, 3.92 and 2.45 between irradiated fruits at 0.4, 0.6 kGy and the control (0 kGy) respectively after 6 days in storage at the ambient conditions (temperature of 26±1oC and humidity of 85-90%). Thus, dose range between 0.4 and 0.6 kGy should be used to extend the shelf life of star apple fruits. Because of the low penetration depth of electron beams onto products, dose uniformity ratio (DUR) in the standard carton box for packaging the star apple fruits as well as absorbed doses outside and inside of fruits were calculated.
Oxides and oxy-sulphates as sources of micronutrients in the construction of the fertility of an oxisol
In cerrado soils, the occurrence of micronutrient deficiency in several crops has been more and more frequent, being caused by the incorrect application of micronutrient sources and doses in the soil. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate sources and doses of different water solubilities in the construction of micronutrient fertility in cerrado soil. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, the soil used was a dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxissol. The experimental design was in randomized block (DBC), arranged in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with three replications. The treatments consisted of control treatment and five doses for each source (0; 50; 100; 150; 200 and 250 kg ha-1) and two micronutrient sources of different water solubilization (FTE BR12 and Spene®). Spene® presented higher Cu, Zn, B and Mn availability compared to FTE BR12, regardless of the dose used. The agronomic efficiency of Cu, Zn and Mn availability with the use of the Spene® source is 29, 11 and 5% higher than the use of the FTE BR12 source. The use of Spene® in cerrado soils may be a promising alternative in the availability of micronutrient crops.
Modeling and analysis of economic scenarios of the whey-based carbonated beverage production process
Due to its great polluting potential, different strategies for the industrial use of whey have been adopted. However, in Brazil, a large part of the whey is still not adequately disposed. In this context, the production of carbonated beverages based on whey is an alternative to be considered. However, it is necessary to evaluate the adequacy of the available technology as well as the economic viability of the project in different scenarios before deciding on its implementation. Thus, in this work, mathematical modeling and simulations were proposed to analyze the economic scenarios of the production process of a carbonated beverage based on fermented milk whey added with hibiscus flower extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The industrial process was structured in four sections: preparation of the fermented whey, preparation of the glucose syrup, preparation of the hibiscus flower extract and preparation of the final drink. The best results were obtained for a whey processing volume of 7,000 kg per batch. The project presented an Internal Rate of Return of 49.77% and a Time of Return of Capital of 10 months. These results show the potential use of whey in the production of carbonated beverages.
Soft-drinks. Economic Analysis. Technical Viability.
Overview of soybean cultivation and productivity in Bananal/Cantão Island Protected Area, Tocantins: harvests 2008/2009 to 2015/2016
The Bananal/Cantão Island Protected Area (APA) is the largest Protected Área in Tocantins State and is the second largest soybean producing region in the Tocantins, establishing a relationship of economic, social and environmental interests that are often conflicting. This article presents the evolution and the main factors that involve the soybean crop in APA. By means of bibliographical researches, field visits and interviews with the soybean farmers of the APA, it was demonstrated the growth of more than 1,700% of the areas planted with soybeans over a period of 8 years, in which there was significant deforestation in the region. It has also been identified that cultivation takes place in large property, encouraged by the climate and low land prices, and the lack of skilled labor is the main difficulty encountered by soy farmers. It was also identified the non-compliance of environmental legislation by local producers.
Bananal/Cantão Island Protected Area. Protected Area. Soybean.
Evaluation of shelf life of Formosa papaya (Carica papaya L.) minimally processed using coating of cassava starch and essential clove oil
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the quality of minimally processed papaya using different concentrations of cassava starch, glycerol and clove essential oil as edible coatings. The papayas were washed, peeled, cut, submerged in the coatings and drained. They were stored in PET packaging for 15 days at 4 °C. Five treatments were obtained: T1 - Control (papaya without coating); T2 – 30% starch, 20% glycerol and 0.5% clove essential oil; T3 - 30% starch, 30% glycerol and 0.5% clove essential oil; T4 - 30% starch, 20% glycerol and 1% clove essential oil; T5 – 30% starch, 30% glycerol and 1% clove essential oil. T1 had the highest mass loss (7.92%) and T4, which lost the least (4.70%). The texture values oscillated as the storage days. In relation to the luminosity, the values decreased with the passing of storage days. T4 was the best in relation to inhibition of psychrotrophic microorganisms and molds and yeasts. Sensorially the T4 treatment was the one that obtained the highest notes at the end of the days of storage. Thus, the T4 treatment was the most efficient to maintain the quality of the papaya.
Quality. Sensory evaluation. Papaya. Coatings
Production and characteristics of protein hydrolysate from tra fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus)
The goal of this study was investigate effects of pH and temperature on the production of tra fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) fish protein concentrate (FPC) using alcalase and characterization of FPHs. Temperature of 55 oC and pH 8.5 were the best condition for highest degree of hydrolysis (around 55%) after 60 min of reaction. Under hydrolysis, protein solubility was significantly increased from 4% to >90%. FPC contained fractions of 50, 40, 37, 15, 12, and 11×103 g/mol. After 15 or 120 min of enzymatic reaction, molecular weight was degraded to 4.86 and 4.31 (x103 g/mol) of FPH15 or FPH120 samples. Due to the increasing of protein solubility during the hydrolysis, water holding capacity reduced from 2.81 ml/g (FPC) to <0.3 ml/g of FPH15 and FPH120 samples. Besides, emulsion activity index and emulsion stability index of samples were ordered as FPH15>FPH120>FPC and FPH120>FPH15>FPC. Furthermore, foam activity index and foam stability index of samples were arranged as FPH15>FPH120> FPC. At pH 4.0, all these indexes were lowest. Generally, under enzymatic hydrolysis, FPH could be possessed of different molecular weights and physico-chemical properties. Thus, FPH could reach various demand of industrial applications.
Enzyme. Emulsion. Molecular weight. Protein. Tra fish
Alkaline and alkaline-oxidative hydrothermal pretreatment on cellulose and lignin contents in elephant grass biomass BRS Capiaçu
The objective of this work was to evaluate the types of alkaline hydrothermal pretreatments on elephant grass using sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide at different temperatures on lignin and cellulose contents. For this, an experimental arrangement was set up to evaluate the effects of temperature and alkaline elements, as well as their interaction on the final concentrations of cellulose and lignin. The tests were performed in triplicate, as well as comparisons of means two to two for the answers obtained, by means of statistical tests. According to the results obtained, the average contents of cellulose for pre-treatment with NaOH at temperatures of 80 and 120 ºC were 56.94% and 57.01% respectively and for peroxide (H2O2) were 53.85% and 53.73%. The average lignin contents at temperatures of 80 and 120 ºC treated with NaOH were 16.09% and 18.40% respectively, and for the pretreatment with H2O2 the contents were 12.13% and 15.00% respectively. With a focus on obtaining fermentable sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated elephant grass, it was concluded that the best option would be the alkaline pre-treatment with NaOH at 80 ºC, generating energy savings and considerable cellulose content.
Assemblages of Malvasia grapes from Candia and Lorena on base sparkling wines
Sparkling wines produced by the Champenoise method are different oenological products and use of this method the specific characteristics of these wines are assigned. The aim of this study was to test the possibility of using regionally grapes castes in assemblages for wine basis, used to elaborated sparkling rosé wines, verifying the possibility of partially replacing these traditional grapes varieties such as Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, for two important local cultivars, Malvasia de Candia and Lorena. Due to the fact, these two varieties are very productive and well adapted to the region of Pelotas - RS - Brazil. To compose the treatments, three samples were used in three different possible combinations, the processing A1 Classic (traditional) composed of 75% Chardonnay and 25% Pinot Noir; A2 treatment consisting of 15% Pinot Noir, Chardonnay 65% and 20% of Malvasia de Candia; the third treatment A3, with the participation of 65% Chardonnay, 15% Pinot Noir and 20% of Lorena grapes. Sensory tests for two determinations were made. These results showed that the grapes Malvasia de Candia and Lorena have the potential to sparkling wines production as part of an assemblage.
Sparkling Rosé wines. Assemblage. Regionally grapes.
Water-Energy-Food nexus status in Brazil
This article investigates the relationship between the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus in Brazil in an exploratory and statistical study over the period from 2000 to 2013. For that purpose, the explanatory variables considered were the following: Access to improved water; Access to electricity and Average protein supply. Furthermore, it was introduced some brief facts about WEF nexus security in Brazil. With such explanatory variables, it was performed descriptive statistics, ensuring the assumption of data normality approach, and consequently calculating the descriptive statistics and correlation. The results of correlation showed that the quantitative relation between the three factors was extremely strong. These data allowed to understand the relation between these indicators and its status as a nexus in Brazil. Therefore, it is concluded that pursuing an active policy to manage demand in WEF nexus could lead sustainability processes.
Productivity of the corn cultivated under low latitude in the inter-crop inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense with diferent doses of nitrogen
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) can be viable through the use of bacteria of the genus Azospirillum, a micro-organism potential plant growth promoter. In this sense, the present work was carried out with the objective to study the effect of Azospirillum brasilense diazotrófica bacteria use, inoculated via seeds, in association or not with doses of nitrogen, productivity of corn for industrial purposes. The essays were conduced on two sowing times (10/07 and 8/1/2015), in the inter-crop season, in Palmas-TO, The experimental design in both sowing dates was randomized blocks with 30 treatments and three replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2x3x5, represented by two seed inoculation processes (with and without seed inoculation ) Three genotypes (Orion and Al Bandeirante, open-pollinated varieties, and the double hybrid (AG-1051) and five N levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) held in coverage. The characteristic studyed was the productivity of grain. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense was beneficial under adverse conditions. AG 1051 was potentially superior when inoculated under stress conditions.
Zea mays L. Inoculation. Biological fixation. Nitrogen fertilization. Grain yield.
Analysis of the possible effects of climate change on the cultivation of sugarcane and Eucalyptus in the Tocantins state
In recent years there has been an increase in the cultivation of crops for agroenergy purposes in the state of Tocantins, such as sugarcane and Eucalyptus. Because they require high investment, it is relevant for decision-making, the identification of regions with agro-climatic aptitude that are favorable to the good performance of these crops in the State, and to consider the possible impacts of climate change. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the possible effects of climate change on the cultivation of agroenergy crops (sugarcane and Eucalyptus) in the Tocantins state. This study analyzed the results of two scientific studies carried out in the State, which elaborated the agroclimatic zoning for sugarcane and Eucalyptus urograndis, which projected the effects of future climate change scenarios on the respective zoning, using the GFDL model, for two different periods. It has been found that, irrespective of future climate change, sugarcane cultivation will require irrigation. Considering the two crops analyzed, the most favorable aptitude classes will reduce significantly according to future emissions scenarios. Soon there will be a need to readjust the management currently employed in sugarcane, and this activity may be economically unviable. However, for the cultivation of Eucalyptus urograndis in this condition, it may not be viable in the Tocantins state.
Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen in the yield of corn oil, in off-season cultivation, under low latitude
The present work investigated the effect of the use of diazotrophic bacteria Azospirillum brasilense, inoculated via seeds, in association or not with nitrogen doses, in the off-season, in the yield of oil in maize genotypes. The trials were carried out in two sowing times in a randomized complete block design (DBC) with 30 treatments and three replications. In each season, treatments were arranged in a 2x3x5 factorial scheme, represented by two seed inoculation processes (with and without inoculation), three corn genotypes (Orion and Al Bandeirante, open pollinated varieties, and Double Hybrid (kg ha-1), an analysis of individual variance and, afterwards, the results of the analysis of variance (kg ha-1) and five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200kg ha-1). The use of the Azospirillum brasilense bacterium, with or without nitrogen doses, promoted an increase in oil yield in the grains. The Orion variety was the one that stood out the most when inoculated with the bacterium Azospirillum, being the most efficient when cultivated Under nitrogen The adoption of this practice is not a substitute for the use of nitrogen fertilizers, but may be an alternative to reduce the costs of the producer.
Nitrogen fertilization. Biological fixation. Inoculation. Zea mays L.
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of bioenergy and food science
Obtaining candied fruit of Calabash (Lagenaria siceraria)
Calabash is considered a non-traditional herb, for not being normally consumed. Osmotic dehydration is an alternative to add value to this vegetable. The objective of this study was to develop candied fruit of calabash (Lagenaria siceraria) and evaluate their physical, chemical and sensory characteristics. The calabash was sanitized, peeled, cut into cubes and bleached. For the osmotic process of calabash pieces, sucrose was dissolved in water and treatments were prepared namely: T1 - Sucrose concentration at 10%; T2 - Sucrose concentration at 20%; T3 - Sucrose concentration at 40% and T4 - Sucrose concentration at 60%. The calabash cubes remained in their respective concentrations for a period of 10 days until complete saturation. After the crystallization the cubes were washed in running water and dried in an oven at a temperature of 60 ºC for 6 hours. The physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory analyzes were performed. There was no significant difference between the treatments for pH values. The treatment T4 showed higher value of ascorbic acid (2.06) at the end of the treatment days. Moisture was greater in treatment T1, while T4 presented the lowest moisture content. T4 showed higher soluble solids content. The values found for molds and yeasts were within the legislation. The treatments T3 and T4 showed the highest acceptance rate for all the evaluated attributes. The in natura calabash transformation for its candied form added value to this product.