Biorrefinarias: Conceitos, classificação, matérias primas e produtos

Jonas Chaves Alvim; Fernanda Aparecida Lima Silva Alvim; Victor Hugo Gomes Sales; Elisa Maria de Oliveira; Paulo Victor Gomes Sales; Ana Claudia Rodrigues Costa

doi:10.18067/jbfs.v1i3.22

Biorrefinarias: Conceitos, classificação, matérias primas e produtos

Jonas Chaves Alvim, Fernanda Aparecida Lima Silva Alvim, Victor Hugo Gomes Sales, Elisa Maria de Oliveira, Paulo Victor Gomes Sales, Ana Claudia Rodrigues Costa

Resumen

Em função da crescente demanda de combustíveis e do aumento da emissão de gases do efeito estufa, faz-se necessário cada vez mais o uso de combustíveis limpos e renováveis. Dentre os combustíveis renováveis dois tem o uso atual em larga escala no mundo, o bioetanol e o biodiesel. Um dos principais desafios da cadeia produtiva destes combustíveis é a dependência do preço do produto no mercado, a flutuação do mesmo pode levar empresas a terem grandes perdas. O termo biorrefinarias é amplamente discutido e existem várias definições para o mesmo. A introdução do conceito de biorrefinarias nas usinas produtoras de biocombustíveis pode levar a uma redução de custos, aumento do lucro e independência.

Palabras clave

Biorrefinarias, bioetanol, biodiesel, biohidrogênio, produção conjunta

Texto completo:

PDF (Português (Brasil))

Referencias

ATADASHI, I. M.; AROUA, M. K.; ABDUL-AZIZ, A. R.; SULAIMAN, N. M. N. Production of biodiesel using high free fatty acid feedstocks. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v.16, p.3275-3285, 2012.

BAÑOS, R.; MANZANO-AGUGLIARO, F.; MONTOYA, F.G.; GIL, C.; ALCAYDE, A.; GÓMEZ, J. Optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v.15, p.1753-1766, 2011.

BLUDOWSKY, T.; AGAR, D. W.; Thermaly integrated bio-syngas-production for biorefineries. Chemical Engineering Research and Desing, v.87, p.1328-1339, 2009.

BRENNAN, L.; OWENDE, P. Biofuels from microalgae - A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. v.14, p.557-577, 2010.

CHANDRA, R.; TAKEUCHI, H.; HASEGAWA, T. Methane production from lignocellulosic agricultural crop wastes: A review in context to second generation of biofuel production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v.16, p.1462-1476, 2012.

CHENG, C.; LO, Y.; LEE, K.; LEE, D.; LIN, C.; CHANG, J. Biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic feedstock. Bioresource Technology, v. 12, p. 8514-8523, 2011.

DAS, D.; VEZIRO?LUM, T. N. Hydrogen production by biological processes: a survey of literature. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, v.26, p.13-28, 2001.

DATAR, R.; HUANG, J.; MANESS, P. C.; MOHAGHEGHI, A.; CZEMIK, S.; CHORNET, E. Hydrogen production from the fermentation of corn stover biomass pretreated with a steam-explosion process. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, v.32, p.932-939, 2007.

DEMIRBAS, A. Biorefineries: Current activities and future developments. Energy Conversion and Management, v.50, p.2782-2801, 2009a

DEMIRBAS, M. F. Biorefineries for biofuel upgrading: A critical review. Applied Energy, v.86, p.151-161, 2009b.

DEMIRBAS, A. Biofuels securing the planet’s future energy needs. Energy Conversion and Management, v.50, p.2239-2249, 2009c.

DEMIRBAS, A. Liquefaction of biomass using glycerol. Energy Sources Part A, v.30, p.1120-1126, 2008.

DEMIRBAS, A., DEMIRBAS, M. F. Importance of algae oil as a source of biodiesel. Energy Conversion and Management, v.52, p.163-170, 2011.

GALAFASSI, S.; CUCCHETTI, D.; PIZZA, F.; FRANZOSI, G.; BIANCHI, D.; COMPAGNO, C. Lipid production for second generation biodiesel by the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula graminis. Bioresource Technology, v. 111, p. 398-403, 2012.

GHATAK, H. R. Biorefineries from the perspective of sustainability: Feedstocks, products, and processes. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v.15, p.4042-4052, 2011.

GONZALEZ, J. D.; KIM, M. R.; BUONOMO, E. L.; BONELI, P. R.; CUKIERMAN, A. L. Pyrolysis of biomass from sustainable energy plantations: effect of mineral matter reduction on kinetics and charcoal pore structure. Energy Sources Part A, v.30, p.809-817, 2008.

HALFORD, N.G.; CURTIS, T.Y.; MUTTUCUMARU, N.; POSTLES, J.; MOTTRAM, D.S. Sugars in crop plants. Annals of Applied Biology, v.158, p.1-25, 2010.

HASUNUMA, T.; KONDO, A. Consolidated bioprocessing and simultaneous sacchari?cation and fermentation of lignocellulose to ethanol with thermotolerant yeast strains. Process Biochemistry, v.47, p.1287-1294, 2012.

HILL, J., NELSON, E., TILMAN, D., POLASKY, S. Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels. Proceedings National Academy Science, v.103, p.11206-11210, 2006

HOEKMAN S.K.; Biofuels in the U.S.– challenges and opportunities. Renew Energy, v.34, p.14- 22, 2009.

HOEKMAN, S. K., ROBINS, C. Review of the effects of biodiesel on NOx. Fuel Processing Technology, v.96, p.237-249, 2012.

HOSSAIN, A. K., BADR, O. Prospects of renewable energy utilisation for electricity generation in Bangladesh. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, v.11, p.1617-1649, 2007.

HUANG, H.; RAMASWAMY, S.; TSCHIRNER, U.W.; RAMARAO, B.V. A review of separation technologies in current and future biorefineries. Separation and Purification Technology, v.62, p.1-21, 2008.

INGRAM, L. O., DORAN, J. B. Conversion of cellulosic materials to ethanol. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, v. 16, p. 235-241, 1995.

International Energy Agency (IEA). Sustainable Production of Second-Generation Biofuels. p.221. 2010.

International Energy Agency (IEA). Technology Roadmaps: Biofuels for transport. p.56. 2011.

International Energy Agency Bioenergy. Task 42 Biorefinery. Disponível em: . Acesso 28/12/14.

ISAR, J.; AGARWAL, L.; SARAN, S.; SAXENA, R. K. Succinic acid production from Bacteroides fragilis: Process optimization and scale up in a bioreactor. Anaerobe, v.12, p.231-237, 2006.

KIM, K. H.; HONG, J. Supercritical CO2 pretreatment of lignocellulose enhances enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. Bioresource Technology, v.77, p.139-144, 2001.

KNOTHE, G.; VAN GERPEN, J. H.; KRAHL, J. The Biodiesel Handbook. AOCS Press, Champaign, 2005.

KUMAR, N.; DAS, D. Continuous hydrogen production by immobilized Enterobacter cloacae IIT-BT 08 using lignocellulosic materials as solid matrices. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. v.29, p.280-287, 2001.

KUMAR, N.; MONGA, P. S.; BISWAS, A. K.; DAS, D. Modeling and simulation of clean fuel production by Enterobacter cloacae IIT-BT 08. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, v.25, p.945-952, 2000.

LEE, J. H.; LEE, D. G., PARK, J. I.; KIM, J. Y. Bio-hydrogen production from a marine brown algae and its bacterial diversity. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering. v.27, n.1, p.187-192, 2010.

LIMA, U.A. de; BASSO, L.C.; AMORIM, H.V. de. Produção de Etanol. In: Biotecnologia Industrial: Processos Fermentativos e Enzimáticos 1.ed. v.3. São Paulo-SP. Editora Edgard Blucher, 616p. 2001.

LYKO, H.; DEERBERG, G.; WEIDNER, E. Coupled production in biorefineries-Combined use of biomass as a source of energy, fuels and materials. Journal of biotechnology, v.142, p.78-86, 2009.

MA, F. R.; HANNA, M. A. Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresource Technology, v.70, p.1-15, 1999.

MATA, T.M.; MARTINS, A.A.; CAETANO, N.S.; Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v.14, p.17-32, 2010.

MITTELBACH, M.; REMSCHMIDT, C. Biodiesel: the Comprehensive Handbook, Austria, 2006.

MOSIER, N.; WYMAN, C.; DALE, B.; ELANDER, R.; LEE, Y. Y.; HOLTZAPPLE, M.; LADISCH, M. Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology, v. 96, p. 673-686, 2005.

NAIK, S. N.; GOUD, V. V.; ROUT, P. K.; DALAI, A. K. Production of first and second-generation biofuels: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v.14, p. 578-597, 2010.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Disponível em: . Acesso 28/05/12.

ORJUELA, A.; YANEZ, J. A.; PEEREBOOM, L.; LIRA, T. C.; MILLER, J. D. A novel process for recovery of fermentation-derived succicin acid. Separation and Purification Technology, 83, 31 – 37, 2011.

PEREIRA JR, N. Biotecnologia de materiais lignocelulósicos para a produção química. EQ/UFRJ, Prêmio ABIQUIM de Tecnologia, 2006.

RAGAUSKAS, A. J.; WILLIAMS, C. K.; DAVISON, B. H.; BRITOVSEK, G.; CAIRNEY, J. The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials. Science, 311, 484 – 489, 2006

SANTACESARIA, E., MARTINEZ VICENTE, G., DI SERIO, M., TESSER, R. Main technologies in biodiesel production: State of the art and future challenges. Catalysis today. v. xxx, p. xxx-xxx. 2012, Avaliado on line em 06 de Junho de 2012. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 25 jun. 2012.

SANTOS, M. F. R. F. dos; BORSCHIVER, S.; COUTO, M. A. P. G. Iniciativas para o uso da biomassa lignocelulósica em biorrefinarias: a plataforma sucroquímica no mundo e no Brasil. Revista Economia & Energia, [s.i.], n. 82, p.14-32, jan./mar. 2012.

SEDLMEYER, F.B. Xylan as by-product of biorefineries: Characteristics and potential use for food applications. Food Hydrocolloids, v.25, p.1891-1898, 2011.

SIMS, R. E. H.; MABEE, W.; SADDLER, J. N.; TAYLOR, M. An overview of second-generation biofuel technologies. Bioresource Technology, v.101, p.1570-1580, 2010.

SINGH, J.; GU, S.; Commercialization potential of microalgae for biofuels production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v.14, p.2596- 2610, 2010.

SINGH, S.P.; ASTHANA, R.K.; SINGH, A.P. Prospects of sugarcane milling waste utilization for hydrogen production in India. Energy Police, v.35, p.4164-4168, 2007.

SKARLIS, S.; KONDILI, E.; KALDELLIS, J. K. Small-scale biodiesel production economics: a case study focus on Crete Island. Journal of cleaner production. v. 20, p.20-26, 2011.

SRIVASTAVA, A.; PRASAD, R. Triglycerides-based diesel fuels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. v.4, p.111-133, 2000.

TAGUCHI, F.; YAMADA, K.; HASEGAWA, K.; TAKI-SATO, T.; HARA, K. Continuous hydrogen production by Clostridium sp. strain nº 2 from cellulose hydrolysate in an aqueous two phase system. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, v.82, p.80-83, 1996.

TONG, X.; SMITH, L. H.; MCCARTY, P. L. Methane fermentation of selected lignocellulosic materials. Biomass, v.21, p.239-255, 1990.

VAN GERPEN, J. H. Biodiesel processing and production. Fuel Processing Technology. v.86, p.1097-1107, 2005.

YOKOI, H., OHKAWARA, T., HIROSE, J., HAYASHI, S., TAKASAKI, Y. Characteristics of H2 production by aciduric Enterobacter aerogenes strain H039. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, v.80, p.571-574, 1995.

YOUSUF, A. Biodiesel from lignocellulosic biomass – Prospects and challenges. Waste Management. v.32, p.2061-2067, 2012.

ZALDIVAR, J.; NEILSEN J.; OLSSON L. Fuel ethanol production from lignocellulose: a challenge for metabolic engineering and process integration. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, v.56, p.17-34, 2001.

ZHENG, P.; DONG, J.; SUN, Z.; NI, Y.; FANG, L. Fermentative production of succinic acid from straw hydrolysate by Actinobacillus succinogenes. Bioresource technology, v.100, p.2425-2429, 2009.

ZHENG, P.; FANG, L.; XU, Y.; DONG, J.; NI, Y.; SUN, Z. Succinic acid production from corn stover by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using Actinobacillus succinogenes. Bioresource technology. v.101, p.7889-7894, 2010.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18067/jbfs.v1i3.22